150th Birth Year Of JAGDISH CHANDRA BOSE

Born: November 30, 1858
Died: November 23, 1937
Achievements: He was the first to prove that plants and metals too have feelings. He invented wireless telegraphy a year before Marconi patented his invention.

Jagdish Chandra Bose was an eminent Indian scientist. He was the first to prove that plants and metals too have feelings.

Jagdish Chandra Bose was born on November 30, 1858 in Mymensingh (now in Bangladesh). His father Bhagabanchandra Bose was a Deputy Magistrate. Jagadish Chandra Bose had his early education in village school in Bengal medium. In 1869, Jagadish Chandra Bose was sent to Calcutta to learn English and was educated at St.Xavier's School and College. He was a brilliant student. He passed the B.A. in physical sciences in 1879.

In 1880, Jagdishchandra Bose went to England. He studied medicine at London University, England, for a year but gave it up because of his own ill health. Within a year he moved to Cambridge to take up a scholarship to study Natural Science at Christ's College Cambridge. In 1885, he returned from abroad with a B.Sc. degree and Natural Science Tripos (a special course of study at Cambridge).

After his return Jagadish Chandra Bose, was offered lectureship at Presidency College, Calcutta on a salary half that of his English colleagues. He accepted the job but refused to draw his salary in protest. After three years the college ultimately conceded his demand and Jagdish Chandra Bose was paid full salary from the date he joined the college. As a teacher Jagdish Chandra Bose was very popular and engaged the interest of his students by making extensive use of scientific demonstrations. Many of his students at the Presidency College were destined to become famous in their own right. These included Satyendra Nath Bose and Meghnad Saha.

In 1894, Jagadish Chandra Bose decided to devote himself to pure research. He converted a small enclosure adjoining a bathroom in the Presidency College into a laboratory. He carried out experiments involving refraction, diffraction and polarization. It would not be wrong to call him as the inventor of wireless telegraphy. In 1895, a year before Guglielmo Marconi patented this invention, he had demonstrated its functioning in public.

Jagdish Chandra Bose later switched from physics to the study of metals and then plants. He fabricated a highly sensitive "coherer", the device that detects radio waves. He found that the sensitivity of the coherer decreased when it was used continuously for a long period and it regained its sensitivity when he gave the device some rest. He thus concluded that metals have feelings and memory.

Jagdish Chandra Bose showed experimentally plants too have life. He invented an instrument to record the pulse of plants and connected it to a plant. The plant, with its roots, was carefully picked up and dipped up to its stem in a vessel containing bromide, a poison. The plant's pulse beat, which the instrument recorded as a steady to-and-fro movement like the pendulum of a clock, began to grow unsteady. Soon, the spot vibrated violently and then came to a sudden stop. The plant had died because of poison.

Although Jagdish Chandra Bose did invaluable work in Science, his work was recognized in the country only when the Western world recognized its importance. He founded the Bose Institute at Calcutta, devoted mainly to the study of plants. Today, the Institute carries research on other fields too.

Jagdish Chandra Bose died on November 23, 1937.

India has World's 1/3rd poors

India is home to roughly one-third of all poor people in the world. It also has a higher proportion of its population living on less than $2 per day than even sub-Saharan Africa. That is the sobering news coming out of the World Bank’s latest estimates on global poverty. 

The fine print of the estimates also shows that the rate of decline of poverty in India was faster between 1981 and 1990 than it has been between 1990 and 2005. This finding is likely to give fresh ammunition to those who maintain that economic reforms, which started in 1991, have failed to reduce poverty at a faster rate. 

India, according to the new estimates, had 456 million people or about 42% of the population living below the new international poverty line of $1.25 per day. The number of Indian poor also constitute 33% of the global poor, which is pegged at 1.4 billion people. 

India also had 828 million people, or 75.6% of the population living below $2 a day. Sub-Saharan Africa, considered the world’s poorest region, is better — it has 72.2% of its population or 551 million people below the $2 a day level. 

The estimates are based on recently recalculated purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates, which makes comparisons across countries possible. The dollar exchange rates being referred to here, therefore, are not the ones used in normal exchange rates. 

While the full report has not yet been released, a briefing note sent by the Bank had some of the data and what that showed was that the poverty rate — those below $1.25 per day — for India had come down from 59.8% in 1981 to 51.3% by 1990 or 8.5 percentage points over nine years. Between 1990 and 2005, it declined to 41.6%, a drop of 9.7 percentage points over 15 years, clearly a much slower rate of decline.

An FAQ on the new estimates, also provided by the Bank, makes no mention of this and states that, “India has maintained even progress against poverty since the 1980s, with the poverty rate declining at a little under one percentage point per year.” 

The note does point out that while India had 421 million below the $1.25-a-day mark in 1981, that number had gone up not down to 456 million by 2005. Thus, while there has been a decline in the poverty ratio, the ranks of the poor are still swelling. 
The new international poverty line of $1.25 PPP per day has been arrived at as “the average poverty line found in the poorest 10-20 countries”, according to the briefing note. In other words, more than four out of 10 Indians lives below what the world’s poorest countries consider the poverty line. 

The new estimates are sobering not just for India but for the developing world as a whole, as they reveal higher levels of poverty than earlier estimated. 
For instance, even in China’s case, they suggest that 208 million people or 16% of the population is below the new international poverty line rather than the 130 million estimated earlier. However, that is still a sharp decline from the 730 million (84%) that were poor in that country in 1981. 

East Asia, in fact, is the region that has recorded the sharpest reductions in poverty from about 79% of the population in 1981 to 18% in 2005. In contrast, Eastern Europe and Central Asia — broadly the former Soviet bloc — has seen poverty rates go up from 1.6% to 5%. What is noticeable in this region is the decline in poverty till 1987, when it was down to just 1% of the population, and the sharp rise subsequently.

For Sub-Saharan Africa, the worrying sign is that poverty rates are virtually unchanged from 1981, which is why the Bank estimates that by 2015, this region could be home to one-third of the world’s poor. 

The Bank also makes the point that while raising people above the poverty line is a relatively achievable task — it believes poverty levels in 1990 can be halved by 2015 — it is proving very difficult to raise them above the $2 per day mark. The number of those in the developing world below this level has in fact gone up marginally from 2.5 billion to 2.6 billion since 1981

SHREE AMARNATH SHRINE BOARD LAND

Let us know Shree Amarnath Ji in one go
• Situated at the hight of 13,500 ft in J&K state 
• The divine Place where BHAGWAN SHIVE told MATA PARVATI the Amar Katha
• This place is linked to the faith of crores and corers of Hindus in India and Abroad
• Every year the duration of yatra remains from Jhayesth Purnima to Sharaven Purnima
• Lacks of yatris perform darshan every year.


WHY TROUBLE STARTED
• To run yatra in more organized way .In 2000 J&K govt. formed shrine board
• In 2003 Shree amaranth Shrine Board requested to the government for the land for the yatra
• In 2008 State govt. (comprising PDP) transferred 800 canal land for yatra
• After the transfer of land there was a strong protest from the PDP, national conference and congress in Kashmir
• Anti-India slogans, burning of national flag, Pakistani flag hosted on every house.. Yatris beaten in Ganderbal and Banihal.
• They say .. it is a secret policy of the government to settle Hindus in the valley. A policy of government to destroy kashmiri nationalism. Hindu will create pollution in the valley
• 1st july Governar N.N Vhora ( who was made governor of J&K on the demand of PDP) bowed in front of antinational people and cancelled land , give to Shree amaranth shrine board
• an open attack on the faith of Hindus .


Some Evolving Questions
* What type of Hindu –Muslim brotherhood is it, where hindus r not provided land in thior own country to perform yatra
* why attack on Hindu yatris
* why anti-India slogans and burning of national flag on land issue
* how it is an attack on kashmiri Muslim nationalism by giving land to perform amaranth yatra
*why govt. not taking action against people who burn national flag or give anti India slogans 
* Where is secularism,, why it is not for Hindus and nationalistic people

DEMAND OF HINDUS
*Shree Amaranth shrine Board should get land back , for yatris to perform religious duties
* anti Hindu ,anti yatra. And pro Separatist J&K governor N.N. vhiora should be rem

To save India, follow Jammu

For several days now, leaders of the Kashmiri separatist movement like Sajjad Lone have been repeatedly declaring that they will not give "even an inch of land" to the Sri Amarnath Shrine Board to provide facilities to Hindu pilgrims going to the holy cave in Kashmir. Alongside the uncouth behaviour and verbal threats of these so-called leaders of separatist outfits during television studio discussions, millions of Indians have also got to see demonstrators flaunting the Pakistan flag and raising pro-Pakistan slogans.

Many Indians who, thanks to the media boom, are exposed to this bigoted, intimidatory posture of Kashmiri separatists for the first time, are shocked. Till now they never knew that despite six decades of engagement with the world's largest and most vibrant democracy, people in the Kashmir Valley could be so far-removed from the liberal, democratic and secular framework within which the rest of India operates.

Young Indians are also getting acquainted for the first time with the glaring distinction between the nationalist, plural Jammu region and the secessionist, communal Kashmir Valley. While protesters in Jammu -- Hindu, Sikh and Muslim -- march with the Indian tricolour in hand and raise slogans like 'Bharat Mata ki jai', the protesters in Srinagar wave green flags of the Hurriyat or the flag of Pakistan, and the slogan that rents the air is 'Allah-o-Akbar'.